DESIGN-AND-IMPLEMENTATION-OF-MINI-SIZE-SEARCH-ROBOT

ABSTRACT

This Project is focused on the design and implementation of mini-size search robot, which could be extremely valuable as a search platform to carry out tasks such as searching some narrow areas of city and chassis of vehicle for detection of obstacles or dangerous materials. The robot has a small and solid structure with tracks. A modular electronic system has been designed to prove an effective communication between the robot and its operator. This is a remote controlled mini-size search robot which has ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles. Using robots in hazardous or dangerous situations can significantly reduce the risk of humans who need to work in such circumstances.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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  FIG1- Block Diagram of Proposed system

Hardware Required:

  1. Micro Controller(AT89S52)
  2. L293D Motor Drivers
  3. LCD Display
  4. ULTRASONIC Sensor
  5. RF Wireless Technology
  6. Battery

    Software Required:

  7. KEIL µversion
  8. ISP
  9. Embedded C
  10. Express PCB

DESCRIPTION:

Obstacle avoidance Robotics are used for detecting obstacles and avoiding collisions. This Robot uses Ultrasonic sensor for its movements. A microcontrollerAT89S52 belongs to 8051 family is used to achieve the desired operation. When electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic sensor, then it emits the short and high frequency signal. These propagates in the air at the velocity of sound . if they hit any object ,the echo signal reflected to the sensor. The operating range of ultrasonic sensor is 10cm to 30cm, this distance is measured by calculating the total time taken by the sound signal to travel forth and back from the obstacle and multiplied by the velocity of sound. The ultrasonic sensor consist of multivibrator, fixed to the base. The multivibrators combination of a resonator and vibrator. The resonator delivers ultrasonic wave generated by vibration. The ultrasonic consist of two parts the emitter which produces 40kHZ sound wave and detector detects 40kHZ sound wave and sends electrical signal back to microcontroller. the distance between obstacle and device calculated by microcontroller and display on LCD. LCD directly connected to the microcontroller for data reception. the data received by the LCD display on its screen. L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC. Motor driver acts as a current amplifier since they take a low current signal and provide high current signal. The higher current signal is used to drive the motors. By this L293D motor driver IC we can driven two dc motors simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. RF transmitter is used to give instructions to the Robot after finding the obstacle. In this section encoder encode the signal and transmitted to RF receiver. RF receiver receives the signal by transmitter then decode the signal and send to microcontroller, these transmission and reception through antenna(wired antenna), the microcontroller control the motors through motor driver IC by receiving signal from RF receiver.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

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 FIG2- Schematic of Transmitter

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 FIG3- Schematic of Receiver

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   FIG4- Schematic of power supply

### SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION: Firstly, the required operating voltage for Microcontroller 89C51 is 5V. Hence the 5V D.C. power supply is needed by the same. This regulated 5V is generated by first stepping down the 230V to 18V by the step down transformer. In the both the Power supplies the step downed a.c. voltage is being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier. The diodes used are 1N4007. The rectified a.c voltage is now filtered using a ‘C’ filter. Now the rectified, filtered D.C. voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator. This voltage regulator allows us to have a Regulated Voltage. In Power supply given to Microcontroller 5V is generated using 7805 and in other two power supply 12V is generated using 7812. The rectified; filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100μF. Now the output from 13 the first section is fed to 40th pin of 89c51 microcontroller to supply operating voltage and from other power supply to circuitry. The microcontroller 89C51 with Pull up resistors at Port0 and crystal oscillator of 11.0592 MHz crystal in conjunction with couple of capacitors of is placed at 18th & 19th pins of 89C51 to make it work (execute) properly. Port 0: P0 is connected to the data pins of the LCD. 20th is connected to GROUND 40th is connected to Vcc

RESULT

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This project gives the best solution for parking vehicles and avoid accidents. This project design and implementation of min-size search Robot using RF Technology. It is an interesting project uses AT89S52 Microcontroller as its brain. The system calculates the distance between device and obstacle then display on the LCD. Hopefully we could come with a model which will show the experimental view of smart display and control device through remote(transmitter) to prevent the accidents and parking the vehicles. When the distance display on the LCD we can change the direction by using remote.

CONCLUSION:

The project “ DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MINI - SIZE SEARCH ROBOT” has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.

FUTURE SCOPE:

At present, we use ultrasonic sensor on forward direction only to detect the obstacle, in which Robot is controlled by remote (transmitter). In future we can use four ultrasonic sensors on four sides to detect obstacle in four directions so Robot control itself automatically.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

[1] Amrutha.S, Raibagi, Surabhi Anand.B, Shwetha.R, “Ultrasonic anti-crashing system for automobiles ” , International journal of advanced research in computer and communication engineering-volume-2,Issue4, April-2012.

[2] S.P.Bhumkar, V.V.Deotare, R.V.Babar “ Accident avoidance and detection on highways ” , International journal of engineering trends and technology-volume-3, Issue-2, pp.247-252, 2012.

[3] M. Bertozzi, A. Broggi, M. Cellario, A. Fascioli, P. Lombardi, and M. Porta, “ Artificial vision in road vehicles ” , Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.90, n0. 7,Vpp.1258-1271, 2002.

[4] 8051-MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM. Mohd. Mazidi